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''see also'' ''Human rights in Colombia'' Trade unions in Colombia were until around 1990 among the strongest in Latin America. However the 1980s expansion of paramilitarism in Colombia saw trade union leaders and members increasingly targeted for assassination, and as a result Colombia has been the most dangerous country in the world for trade unionists for several decades. Between 1986 and 2010 over 2800 were killed according to one source, and over 4000 according to others. Most assassinations were carried out by paramilitaries or the Colombian military; some were carried out by the guerrillas. In 2009 only around 4% of workers in Colombia were unionised. ==Overview== Until around 1990 Colombian trade unions were among the strongest in Latin America.〔 However the 1980s expansion of paramilitarism in Colombia saw trade union leaders and members increasingly targeted for assassination, and as a result Colombia has been the most dangerous country in the world for trade unionists for several decades.〔An ILO mission in 2000 reported that "the number of assassinations, abductions, death threats and other violent assaults on trade union leaders and unionized workers in Colombia is without historical precedent". According to the Colombian Government, during the period 1991-99 there were 593 assassinations of trade union leaders and unionized workers while the National Trade Union School holds that 1 336 union members were assassinated." - ILO, 16 June 2000, (Special ILO Representative for cooperation with Colombia to be appointed by Director-General )〕〔"By the 1990s, Colombia had become the most dangerous country in the world for unionists" - Chomsky, Aviva (2008), ''Linked labor histories: New England, Colombia, and the making of a global working class'', Duke University Press, p11〕〔"Colombia has the world’s worst record on these assassinations..." - 20 November 2008, (Colombia: Not Time for a Trade Deal )〕 Between 2000 and 2010 Colombia accounted for 63.12% of trade unionists murdered globally.〔 According to the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) there were 2832 murders of trade unionists between 1 January 1986 and 30 April 2010,〔International Trade Union Confederation, 11 June 2010, (ITUC responds to the press release issued by the Colombian Interior Ministry concerning its survey )〕 meaning that "on average, men and women trade unionists in Colombia have been killed at the rate of one every three days over the last 23 years."〔International Trade Union Confederation (2010), (Annual Survey of violations of trade union rights: Colombia )〕 Other sources give figures of around 4000 trade union members killed from the mid-1980s to 2008.〔Kuehnert, Daniel Richard (2008), "The International Labor Organization and a Possible End to Violence against Union Members in Colombia", ''Washington University Global Studies Law Review'', Vol. 7, Issue 3, pp. 593-618. p593〕 According to a 2007 Amnesty International report, in 2005 "around 49 percent of human rights abuses against trade unionists were committed by paramilitaries and some 43 percent directly by the security forces."〔''Latin American Herald Tribune'', 23 October 2009, (Two Colombian Agents Arrested in Slaying of Unionist )〕 The Colombian parapolitics scandal revealed widespread links between the government and the paramilitaries. The ITUC in 2010 concluded that "the historical and structural violence against the Colombian trade union movement remains firmly in place, manifesting itself in the form of systematic human and trade union rights violations."〔 From 1986 to 2009, Antioquia Department saw the highest number of murders (46% of the total),〔Escuela Nacional Sindical (2008), (Death Isn’t Mute: Report on violations to life, freedom and integrity of trade unionists in Colombia during 2008 and situation of impunity of violations in the period 1986-2009 ), ''Cuaderno de Derechos Humanos Nº 21'', p22〕 while the agricultural workers' union Sintrainagro was the most targeted union (at 844, 31% of the total).〔Escuela Nacional Sindical (2008:24)〕 There are reports that US corporations in Colombia have actively colluded with paramilitaries in order to reduce union activity. Besides acknowledged payments from multinationals to the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) (''Doe v. Chiquita Brands International''), "Trade unionists have been particularly targeted by the paramilitaries, and most of the violence has been directed at leaders of unions of multinational corporations."〔Martin-Ortega, Olga (2008), "(Deadly Ventures? Multinational Corporations and Paramilitaries in Colombia )", ''Revista electrónica de estudios internacionales''〕 In 2001 the United Steelworkers of America and the International Labor Rights Fund sued Coca-Cola and its Colombian suppliers in a Miami court on behalf of food workers union Sinaltrainal (''Sinaltrainal v. Coca-Cola''); the case was dismissed in 2006. A similar suit regarding another US company, ''Estate of Rodriquez v. Drummond Co.'', was dismissed in 2007. According to the ITUC, only 1.2% of workers in Colombia are covered by a collective agreement,〔International Trade Union Confederation (2009), (Annual Survey of violations of trade union rights: Colombia )〕 and only 4% of the workforce is unionized.〔''CounterPunch'', 5 August 2010, (Venezuela and Labor )〕 The three main trade union federations in Colombia, all ITUC-affiliated, are the Central Union of Workers, General Confederation of Democratic Workers and the Confederation of Workers of Colombia.〔ITUC, 9 December 2009, (Colombia’s Dubious Strategy to Push Through an FTA with the European Union )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trade unions in Colombia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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